| Trigger arrives in the wrong direction | Bowl tooling, track reject, recirculation or transfer hand-off. | Measure correct presentations and false accepts; do not treat total bowl movement as useful output. |
| Tube catches or bends | Bulk tangling, tube straightening, track clearance, gripper path or bottle-neck alignment. | Inspect tubes after circulation as well as after capping. |
| Cross-threaded or high cap | Placement height, bottle centring, pre-threading, head timing or thread compatibility. | Use a fixed cap-height reference and inspect after the agreed settling time. |
| Bottle twists or tips | Guide rails, side belts, clamping, filled weight or conveyor timing. | Test the least stable filled format, not only an empty round bottle. |
| Torque spread is too wide | Cap contact, bottle support, thread start, head settings, cap variation or measurement method. | Confirm the gauge and procedure before adjusting the machine. |
| Output falls after replenishment | Insufficient buffer, bulk loading disturbance, feeder demand control or operator workload. | Include normal replenishment and short-stop recovery in the timed run. |